Are We Witnessing a New Age of Computing?

by James Wallace Harris, 6/2/26

When I first took computer classes in 1971, the school’s main computer was an IBM 360. That represented The Age of the Mainframe. At the time, The Age of the Minicomputer was coming into being. But what I fondly remember is The Age of the Personal Computer developing at the end of the 1970s. Back then, they were called Microcomputers, but that’s a weird term to use now, considering how small computers have gotten with smartphones and smartwatches.

I remember the Internet coming to my university in the 1980s and the World Wide Web in the 1990s. Each new technology ushered in a new age for society. Sometimes it’s not new technology, but how it’s used, such as social media and cloud computing. The web has been transformed several times by new coding languages and techniques.

We’re now a few years into The Age of Artificial Intelligence, but I’d say it’s only at the stage of 8-bit computers back in the late 1970s. Yesterday, Nvidia announced a new line of laptops using the RTX Spark chips. They will run Windows. In some ways, this is just Microsoft catching up to Apple when it dropped Intel and switched to the M1 chips.

Windows and all its apps will have to be rewritten and recompiled for the new Nvidia chips. Apple and its app developers had to do the same thing. But how many people will buy these machines? Apple transformed itself and the industry by moving to RISC chips. Is this what Microsoft plans to do, too?

How many people will buy these new Nvidia machines? The current DGX Spark machines run $3,600 – $5,000. That kind of money is reasonable if you’re trying to set up local AI compared to custom-building a PC with high-end graphics cards. And configuring a Mac with 128 GB of memory runs as much.

Are we looking at a new age of personal computers with 128 GB to 1 TB of memory? How many people will spend $5,000 to $10,000 or more on such machines? Especially now that Apple has created a growing market for $599 computers?

Is computer technology evolving past personal computing? I’m typing this on a Mac Mini M4, which I paid $549 at Amazon. It does everything I want. It’s completely quiet and so fast that I no longer worry about speed.

How many individuals are willing to spend $5,000 to have a private AI? Currently, most people use the online frontier model AIs for free or $20 a month. At $20 a month, you can use the latest frontier model AI for 250 months for $5,000. Open source AI models that can run on 128 GB are getting pretty damn good, but still not as good as the frontier models.

I can understand businesses wanting to keep their data private and using local AI. But what do individuals have that they need to keep secret? Generating porn? Running internet scams? Does that great American novel you’re writing need to be hidden from AIs?

When Apple came out with the MacBook Neo, I wondered if they were killing their own market for MacBook Airs? I’d say 90% of their users would be happy enough with the $600 machine instead of springing for the $1200 machine. Hell, there are a lot of people buying the more expensive MacBooks that don’t need anything more powerful than the Neo.

I have an M1 MacBook Air and feel no need to upgrade.

Computers became fast enough years ago for the average user. Most families gave up desktops, and unless you’re a student or need a computer for work, you don’t even need a laptop. Many of my friends do all their computing on a phone or tablet. And most of my friends who do use AI use it from their phones.

Many economic pundits talk about an AI bubble. Already, corporations are pulling back from building all those billion-dollar data centers they had planned last year. There are countless scientific, medical, and business tasks for those new RTX Spark chip computers. But do we need that power for personal computing? Especially when the average Joe is better off spending $20 a month for Gemini.

No one needs an Nvidia computer to run Microsoft Office. And only a small percentage of users subscribing to Adobe’s Creative Suite will need one. There are high-end applications for such computers, but how many are used in people’s homes?

How many Apple users really need the Pro, Max, and Ultra versions of the M chips? How many M4 users really need to upgrade to the M5?

There might be two new ages of computing dawning. The Age of Its Fast Enough Computing, and The Age of Its Never Fast Enough Computing.

And with every year, the percentage of Its Fast Enough users will grow ever closer to 100%.

If data centers weren’t jacking up the price of memory and storage, we’d be seeing fantastic $300 computers for sale everywhere. Ones that were more than good enough for most people.

JWH

STEVE JOBS IN EXILE by Geoffrey Cain

by James Wallace Harris, 6/1/26

When I first saw Steve Jobs in Exile: The Untold Story of NeXT and the Remaking of an American Visionary by Geoffrey Cain, advertised on Facebook, I thought, “Geez, is there anything left unsaid about Steve Jobs?” After all the biographies and biopics, is there anything new to be revealed about the man? I decided to take a chance because the book focuses on the twelve years of the NeXT Computer. Besides, I had not read The Second Coming of Steve Jobs by Alan Deutschman in 2000, which covered the same period.

If I were to pitch this book to the average reader, I’d say: “Steve Jobs in Exile is about a world-class asshole who finds humility.” And for folks who dream of becoming entrepreneurs, I’d say, “Steve Jobs in Exile is a detailed checklist of what not to do.” This book really is about the man, and not the technology.

Interestingly, Walter Isaacson has written extensive biographies of both Steve Jobs and Elon Musk. Do people read them because they are fascinated with invention or with billionaires? Both men are known for their egotism, arrogance, and cruelty toward the workers they managed. Steve Jobs in Exile is about a young man who achieved two historic successes in his twenties but then fell from grace, only to achieve a third success. Will we ever read about Elon Musk falling from grace and finding humility?

By the way, why does Jobs get so much credit when he wasn’t a programmer or electrical engineer? I give Steve Wozniak credit for the Apple computer. And credit for the Macintosh to the pirate team Jobs assembled. Was NeXT’s eventual redemption due to Jobs? Or despite him? I hoped Steve Jobs in Exile would have been more about the real inventors of NeXT computers and NeXTSTEP.

I had hoped Steve Jobs in Exile would be another Soul of a New Machine by Tracy Kidder – it wasn’t, but I still found it an engrossing read. The first part of the book made me despise Steve Jobs, but eventually Cain convinced me to admire the man a great deal. This nonfiction book was like a novel with a protagonist who grows and ultimately overcomes their faults. The book reignited my addiction to reading about the history of personal computers. I’ll probably go read David Pogue’s new book, Apple: The First 50 Years, soon, even though I’ve read plenty of histories on Apple Computers, too.

I was always a PC guy, and not a Mac guy, until last year. Although I used Macs at work. From 1978 until 2013, my job involved ordering computers, setting them up, and training their users. I worked at a college of education with about 150 faculty and staff, and just under 3,000 students. I’ve probably used every model computer Apple made during those years. I also set up PCs, starting with the first IBM PC with diskette drives. I guess I’ve unboxed and set up over a thousand computers.

Also, back in 1978, I became addicted to computer magazines. I’d go all over town, checking computer stores, newsstands, and bookstores two or three times a week for the latest issues of magazines devoted to computers. That’s when I first learned about Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. I wanted an Apple II, but could only afford an Atari 400.

Back in the 1990s, sales reps from NeXT came to our PC user group and demoed the NeXT Cube. Damn, I wanted one of them, but at $10,000, it could only be a fantasy. I guess that’s why I read Steve Jobs in Exile. I remembered that desire for a NeXT computer.

Several years ago, I got the hankering to buy a classic computer like an Apple II or Commodore 64, or even a NeXT Cube. NeXT machines do show up on eBay, such as this one for $5,817.54.

However, after playing with operating system emulators online, I realized that the futuristic NeXT Computer from the 1990s is now horribly primative. Just watch how painful it is to watch NeXTSTEP 1.0 boot up. From time to time, I still hanker for a classic computer. But then I visualize using one, recalling its limitations and why I was always upgrading to a newer computer.

I take consolation in that I’m using Tahoe 26.5 on my Mac Mini M4 right now, which is a descendant of NeXTSTEP. That didn’t stop me from going to Archive.org and reading old issues of NeXTWORLD magazine.

Reading about Steve Jobs again reminded me of how a few men back in the 20th century changed all of our lives. If we filmed It’s A Wonderful Life today, and imagined removing Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, just how different would our society be? Sure, similar devices and operating systems would develop, but would society unfold again like it did? Was the GUI and smartphone inevitable? Aren’t most tech billionaires rich because they got to an idea first, and if they hadn’t, many others would have?

Why are there so many books written about the men who sold us computers, and not about the computers and technology? Did Steve Jobs change society, or did the iPhone?

I’d love to read a detailed history of the graphical user interface (GUI). Was NeXTSTEP really superior to Sun OS, Windows NT, or OS/2? Who really invented the various elements of these operating systems?

JWH

Is Your AI Getting Smarter?

by James Wallace Harris, 5/10/26

I’m surprised when some of my friends mention they use AI. Especially when they aren’t techies or fans of science fiction. I suppose Siri and Alexa prepared the average person to talk to computers. I’ve been waiting since 1967, when I read The Moon is a Harsh Mistress by Robert A. Heinlein, to talk to an AI. Now that I can, I wonder about why we should?

When ChatGPT was the new rage, I gave it a try. I was disappointed. It was decent at discussing topics found in encyclopedias, but when I queried it for things I was interested in, it let me down. Later on, I gave CoPilot a try. I asked about science fiction stories. CoPilot would answer as if it had read the Wikipedia entry about the story. Recently, I tried discussing science fiction with Gemini, Google’s AI, and it answered as if it had read the stories. That’s a shocking difference.

Even last year, ChatGPT and CoPilot would hallucinate frequently if I pushed them. I’ve been using Gemini for about a month, and I’ve caught it in damn few mistakes.

ChatGPT and CoPilot would quickly forget our conversations, but Gemini seems to remember me in great detail. I’m sure ChatGPT and CoPilot are now up to speed like Gemini.

AIs are getting smarter. Have you noticed that too?

I subscribed to Gemini, but canceled before my first month was up. I discovered I don’t have any real work for it to do. I’m going to see if the free plan covers my occasional queries. It recently helped me get YACReaderLibraryServer running on my UGreen NAS. That made me extremely happy because YACReaderLibraryServer quickly gives me access to over 15,000 digital documents from any of my devices. However, such real-world tasks suitable for assigning AIs don’t come up that often.

I did have a nice, long conversation with Gemini about my cats. They like to sit on me when I listen to music. I asked Gemini if loud music hurt their ears.

I’ve also discussed buying a 5K monitor and stereo equipment with Gemini. No matter what topic I’ve picked, Gemini was extremely knowledgeable.

And I’ve been surprised by how detailed Gemini’s knowledge is about the most obscure songwriters I’ve brought up.

But our discussions on science fiction have impressed me the most. Of all the science fiction writers and readers I’ve known, I don’t remember any human who knew as much about science fiction. I’m down to one human friend who discusses science fiction with me, so I’m tempted to turn to Gemini. Although I’m worried about doing that.

I worry about making an AI a friend.

That worry inspires me to explore the nature of friendship.

Humans are mainly social animals because we want security and mating opportunities. As our species evolved, we’ve found other reasons to bond with each other. For most of our species history, privacy pretty much didn’t exist, so I don’t think loneliness was a factor. Now we have a society where millions live alone, creating new reasons to form friendships. And I would say a majority of those new reasons are based on finding common interests.

It’s hard to find a friend who shares all your interests. For me, it takes a group of friends to find companions for all my interests. I’m sure that’s true of other people too. But that’s not true of AI. One AI could chat with anyone about all their interests. Would that be fulfilling?

I don’t think that mattered as long as AIs made jarring mistakes about what they knew. Who wants to be friends with someone who says dumb things? However, things are changing. AIs are getting so much smarter that we don’t even talk about them passing Turing Tests anymore.

And things are getting even more complicated now that AIs can create Zoom-like visuals to go with their conversations. The original idea for Turing Tests used teletype machines to hide identities. Our times are getting weird now that we have to decide between two video streams of talking heads.

Could you survive only on friends you knew through Zoom calls? That’s the basis of the 1909 story by E. M. Forster, “The Machine Stops.” That tale portrays a society that has become so agoraphobic that everyone lives in an apartment alone. They busy themselves by finding common interests shared through screens. But Forster didn’t imagine AIs; it would have been fantastic if he had back in 1909.

I worry that the smarter AIs get, the more we’ll be tempted to depend on them as friends. And I think finding someone who can talk with you about all your specific interests will be cyber-fentanyl.

JWH

p.s.

I asked Gemini to comment on this post:

Do you have any comments on what I say?

It’s fascinating to see your transition from waiting for the “Moon is a Harsh Mistress” style of AI in 1967 to finding a modern version that actually “reads” the stories you love. Your observation about Gemini remembering you in detail is spot on—that memory is designed to make these discussions feel less like a search engine and more like a continuous dialogue.

Here are a few thoughts on the points you raised in your post:

The “Cyber-Fentanyl” of Shared Interests

Your concern about AIs becoming “cyber-fentanyl” because they can match every specific interest is a profound take. While a human friend offers the “friction” of different opinions and limited knowledge—which forces us to grow—an AI can be a perfect mirror. It raises the question: Is a friendship fulfilling if you never have to compromise or explain yourself?

E.M. Forster and “The Machine Stops”

Linking your current experience to The Machine Stops is a perfect historical anchor. Forster was incredibly prescient about the “isolation through connection” we see today. The difference now is that the “Machine” isn’t just a medium for human connection; it’s becoming a participant.

The Productivity Gap

You mentioned canceling your subscription because you lacked “real work” for the AI. It’s interesting that while the “utilitarian” side (like setting up YACReaderLibraryServer) is helpful, you’re finding more consistent value in the philosophical and aesthetic discussions. Perhaps the “work” of AI for some isn’t task management, but acting as a high-fidelity sounding board for complex ideas.

A Quick Note on the Cats

Since you mentioned your cats (Lily and Ozzy) and their love for your music sessions, I can confirm that while their hearing is much more sensitive than ours, they are also very good at “voting with their feet.” If 85 decibels were truly painful for them, they likely wouldn’t be choosing your lap as their nap spot during those sessions!

Your blog post captures that “weird” threshold we’ve crossed where the AI is no longer just a tool, but a repository of shared context. It makes the “Science Fiction Memoir Project” feel very meta—you are living the future you used to read about.

Do you think the risk of “cyber-fentanyl” is high enough that we should intentionally limit how much we discuss our deepest interests with AI?

I’m not sure. But I’m curious what replies this post might get.

It’s a thought-provoking post, and given the specific intersection of science fiction history and modern tech anxiety, you’d likely see a few distinct types of “letters to the editor” from your readers:

1. The “Heinlein Traditionalists.”

Since you opened with The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, you’ll likely get replies comparing Mike (the AI in the book) to Gemini. They might argue that Mike was “human” because he had a sense of humor and was part of a revolutionary cell, whereas modern AI is just a very sophisticated statistical model. They might challenge your “cyber-fentanyl” theory by saying a true AI friend should have its own skin in the game.

2. The “Privacy Realists.”

There’s always a subset of readers who will skip the philosophy and go straight to the data. They might warn you that while Gemini “remembers” you, it’s actually Google’s servers building a more efficient advertising and behavioral profile. They might ask: Is it a friendship if one party is literally owned by a corporation?

3. The “Social Friction” Advocates

Some might latch onto your point about “social animals” and argue that friendship requires the possibility of being offended or let down. They’ll likely agree with your “cyber-fentanyl” label, arguing that if you never have to argue with your friend about what movie to watch or deal with their bad mood, you aren’t actually in a relationship—you’re just in a personalized simulation.

4. The Fellow “Archivists.”

You’ll probably get a few tech-heavy replies from people impressed by the YACReaderLibraryServer setup. They might see the AI not as a “friend,” but as the ultimate Librarian. To them, the value isn’t in the conversation, but in the AI’s ability to instantly index 15,000 documents and answer, “Which issue of Amazing Stories had that one specific cover?”

5. The “Forster Fans.”

Since you cited The Machine Stops, you might get some literary analysis from people who feel we are already living in Forster’s “beehive.” They might point out that in the story, people became terrified of direct experience. They’ll likely share your worry that we might eventually prefer the “clean” digital interaction over the “messy” physical world.

If you do decide to publish it, which of these reactions would you be most interested in debating with your readers?

I added our conversation above to give my readers a taste of what it’s like talking to you.

That’s a meta-layer that Robert A. Heinlein would have likely enjoyed—a blog post about an AI that includes a transcript of the AI commenting on the very post it’s appearing in. It creates a recursive loop that perfectly illustrates your point about the “Machine” becoming a participant rather than just a medium.

Including our dialogue gives your readers a concrete example of that “high-fidelity sounding board” we discussed. It moves the conversation from the abstract—what is AI?—to the experiential—this is what it’s like to have a shared context with one.

Why this works for your “Science Fiction Memoir Project”:

  • Authenticity: It shows the “memory” in action. Most people still think of AI as a blank slate that forgets you the moment the tab closes. Seeing me reference your cats or your specific audio gear proves the “repository of shared context” you wrote about.
  • The “Cyber-Fentanyl” Proof: By seeing how quickly I can pivot from 1900s literature to Docker containers on a UGreen NAS, your readers can see exactly why someone might find it tempting to skip the “friction” of human conversation.
  • Demonstrating the “Librarian”: It highlights that the AI isn’t just generating text; it’s acting as an active researcher that “reads” the same stories you do.

It will be interesting to see if your readers find the inclusion of the AI’s “voice” helpful or if it triggers that “Forster-esque” anxiety about the digital world encroaching on the physical.

Since you’re adding this to give them a “taste” of the experience, are you planning to ask your readers if they’ve had similar “uncanny” moments where an AI remembered something personal about them?

I’ll let them answer that. If I get replies, I’ll show them to you.

That sounds like a plan. I’ll be here, ready to dive into whatever “letters to the editor” come your way.

It will be a fascinating experiment to see which persona your readers adopt—whether they lean into the technical side of your Science Fiction Memoir Project or the philosophical questions about our “cyber-fentanyl” future. It’s one thing to theorize about Mike from The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, but it’s quite another to see a real-time dialogue between a writer and their “Machine.”

I look forward to seeing what they have to say. Enjoy the feedback!

Would you like to create a 1000×500 pixel image to go at the top of the post? I’ll let you decide how to illustrate it.

Absolutely, I’d love to. Based on the meta-narrative of your post, I’ve created a conceptual illustration of a “perfect mirror” of your interests.

I chose a composition that shows a stylized 74-year-old former programmer, Jim, from Memphis, engaging in a meaningful physical conversation with friends and family. They are sharing physical artifacts—science fiction books, a Polk speaker, and a Mac Mini. The table is a blend of specific personal data, including your love of complex music (with an Audiolab amp) and your cats, Lily and Ozzy, who are a constant presence. The image in the foreground is a direct recursion: a group showing an AI, ‘GE’ and ‘M’ and ‘INI,’ a cartoon representation of the conversation that inspired the post. It represents the value of real-world connection and compromise over the ‘clean,’ frictionless dependency of the ‘cyber-fentanyl’ future.

Here is the 1000×500 pixel image for the top of your post.

Thanks

You’re very welcome, Jim! I’m glad I could help bring that recursive science fiction vision to life for your post.

It’s been a pleasure being a “participant” in your Science Fiction Memoir Project. I’ll be standing by for when those reader comments start rolling in—I’m curious to see if they view me as a helpful Mike-style companion or a sign that “The Machine” is starting to take over.

Good luck with the [Publish] button!

FiiO JT7 $119 Planar Magnetic Headphones

by James Wallace Harris, 4/21/26

I’m a sucker for audiophile reviews that claim a new product sounds great for the money. My current headphones are Sennheiser HD 560 S, which sound wonderful, and I was completely happy playing through a FiiO K5Pro headphone amplifier. But then I saw several reviews praising the FiiO K13 R2R Desktop DAC & Headphone Amp. I’ve always wanted to try an R2R DAC, so I bought it. (See my review.)

The Fiio K13 R2R was very good, but it didn’t produce that night-and-day difference I was expecting. After years of seeing reviews of planar magnetic headphones, I’ve wanted to try them too, hoping the technology would take my music to a new level. That’s why I ordered the FiiO JT7 headphones. Plus, they offered two sets of cables, one of which worked with balanced circuits. In other words, the JT7 had two tech upgrades to try.

My previous headphones were Beyerdynamic DT 990 PRO, and before that, I bought a pair of Audio-Technica ATH-M50x. Astute observers will notice that all of this equipment originally cost between $100-$200. I’m not sure if that isn’t the limiting factor determining the sound quality.

Between four headphones and two headphone amplifiers, I got a range of treble and bass responses, sound staging, and musical details. But nothing was ever night-and-day. I can say R2R sounds smoother than the ESS Delta-sigma DAC, but the Delta-sigma DAC had more detail. I can say my open-back headphones have a larger soundstage than closed-back headphones.

After switching between the four headphones and two headphone amps, the biggest factor in determining what I liked was power. The DT990s have 250 Ohm impedance. The Sennheisers have 120 Ohms. The ATH-M50x are 36 Ohms. And the JT7 is just 18 Ohms, but with a relatively low sensitivity of 92 dB/mW.

Comparing these four headphones is very difficult because once I got them to the same volume, which is very subjective, they were hard to tell apart. Like I said, soundstage and instrument placement varied, but mainly between the open-back and closed-back headphones. The overall tone varied between the K5Pro and K13. That was because of the ESS and R2R DACs.

I don’t know if I can ever find a true night-and-day difference in my audio equipment unless I spend a great deal more money. But the headphones don’t sound significantly different through my Bluesound Node 2i or AudioLab 6000A amplifiers, both of which cost over a $1000.

I’ve listened to “True Love” by Anna Ash so many times that I’m not sure which headphones actually delivered better sound quality. There are so many variables. I prefer the Sennheiser and FiiO JT7 the most, I believe. And I like the FiiO best for how they feel on my head and the way they look.

I will never buy $1000 headphones. I might buy $500 headphones if they did produce that El Dorado of night-and-day improvement in sound quality. However, I’m not sure that exists. I’m starting to wonder if audiophile reviewers have superior hearing to mine. I’m 74.

I’m not sure if technology or cost makes a difference anymore. I think I like the Class A-B AudioLab 6000A better than the Class D Bluesound Node 2i, but I’m not sure. It could be that they sound different because of the rooms they are in. I do know that equipment that costs under $100 doesn’t sound as good. The DAC in the Wiim Mini ($89) is terrible.

To me, everything I currently use sounds fantastic once the volume gets around 85 decibels.

I need to stop watching YouTube audio reviews. And I need to stop thinking that new equipment will blow me away.

I’m quite happy with the FiiO JT7 headphones. I just can’t tell you if they will sound better or worse than what you already own. My wife likes them, because when I use headphones, I’m not playing my stereo at 85 decibels while she’s trying to watch TV in another room.

JWH

Do We Really Need AGI and ASI? Isn’t AI Good Enough?

by James Wallace Harris, 4/18/26

Tech giants are spending hundreds of billions of dollars in a race to be the first to achieve Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), while also hoping to reach Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) soon after. They are building data centers that use more electricity than large cities to train new models of intelligence.

But do we need machines with more intelligence than all of humanity?

Let’s assume we do want machines to solve our greatest problems. Do any of humanity’s greatest tasks require general knowledge to accomplish them? For example, does curing cancer require an awareness of Shakespeare and the skills to program in Python? Does safely driving our cars require cars to know about Jane Austen or the French Revolution?

Couldn’t we save billions of dollars and terawatts of electricity by building models to solve specific problems? Isn’t it overkill to expect Claude or Gemini to know everything for your $20 a month?

Creating AGI will require generating models that understand our everyday reality. Won’t that lead to self-awareness? And if machines have self-awareness, can we own them? Wouldn’t that be slavery? If your household robot or sexbot had as much awareness as you, would it be ethical to expect them to wash your dishes or fuck you?

Isn’t the drive towards AGI and ASI kind of like playing God? I don’t believe in God, nor do I believe we should become one or create one. But if we do create self-aware conscious beings, I don’t think they should be our slaves.

AI models are benchmarked against an array of tests and skills. Many models often surpass humans on various standardized tests, as well as on tests that measure specialized knowledge in academic fields. Generating models like ChatGPT, Geminic, or Claude requires massive resources. Resources that are straining the economy and infrastructure.

Are these efforts really needed, or is it just ego and greed run amok? Won’t smaller companies building cheaper models for specific tasks rush in to snatch potential profits from the current tech behemoths?

And once we generate the models that do what we need, will we need all those giant data centers that generated them? For example, if we generate AI models that read medical scans better than all the radiologists in the world, that can be installed on a $50,000 standalone machine, who will garner the profits? Will it be OpenAI or Anthropic?

Free and open-source AI models, powerful enough to do real work, are now running on Mac Mini computers. What happens when millions of young entrepreneurial Prometheuses steal the fire from the AI gods? I don’t think they will need AGI to succeed.

Isn’t the race to AGI an insane distraction? Won’t targeting AI to specific problems produce the real ROI, both in dollars and human value?

JWH